? ? ? ?今天小編想給大家分享的是考研英語閱讀文章，希望大家看完后能夠有所收獲。
There is no such thing as a great talent without great will - power. -- Balzac
沒有偉大的意志力，便沒有雄才大略。-- 巴爾扎克
打卡譯文
43.在面對(duì)外部世界時(shí)，我們的目標(biāo)是做到客觀，但是我們卻不能逃離我們所處的獨(dú)特的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的環(huán)境。
譯文： Facing up to the outside world, we aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience.詞匯復(fù)習(xí)
misinterpretation self-deception protoscience staked scrutiny gatekeeper paradox duplication refutation deceptiveness novelty★不熟悉的詞匯請(qǐng)回到的語境句子中復(fù)習(xí)鞏固
Day40 2011 Text 4
(1/7)If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsterswere in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.
(2/7)There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions. (3/7)At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care. (4/7)In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly“ backloaded ”public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous. (5/7)Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones. (6/7)As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down . In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under thecurrent system, too. (7/7)John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.
? ? ? ?文章結(jié)構(gòu)
一段說明主題，公共*工會(huì)的強(qiáng)大；第二段說明強(qiáng)大的原因；第三段說明工會(huì)在州的等級(jí)更加強(qiáng)大；第四段說明公共*收益較高；第五段，公共*改革受到工會(huì)阻撓；第六段，指出有些政治家準(zhǔn)備采取強(qiáng)硬措施，受到；末了一段總結(jié)公共*需要進(jìn)行改革。本文標(biāo)題Enemies of progress ：The biggest barrier to public-sector reform are the unions。
考點(diǎn)詞匯
unionist 工會(huì)者 patrol 巡邏 backload 調(diào)整費(fèi)用 vigorously 精神旺盛的，活潑地 egregiously 驚人的，過分的 charter school 特許學(xué)校 merit pay 績(jī)效工資 drawn-out 擴(kuò)日持久的 clamp down 取締， prudent 謹(jǐn)慎的 augment 增大 indifference 冷淡，不難句分析
提醒：請(qǐng)首先自己翻譯，再對(duì)照我們的分析和參考譯文。
1. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care. ［分析］這句話是個(gè) 省略現(xiàn)象 ，補(bǔ)全了就是： The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA keeps an eyeon prisons and a variety of labor groups keep an eyeon health care. 所以翻譯時(shí)要把幾個(gè)主語的“ 盯著 ”都要補(bǔ)上。 2. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones. ［分析］本句的語法上是 even though 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句里面套了一個(gè) that引導(dǎo)的從句 ，做evidence的同位語從句。 在主句的fought against后面兩個(gè)賓語并列： getting ride of bad ones和promoting good ones。題目解析
參考譯文
如果工會(huì)者吉米·霍法今天還活著的話，他可能會(huì)代表公務(wù)員了。 當(dāng)霍法的卡車司機(jī)協(xié)會(huì)在1960年處于鼎盛階段的時(shí)候，只有1/10的美國工作者屬于工會(huì)； 現(xiàn)在這個(gè)數(shù)字達(dá)到36%了。 在2009年，美國公共服務(wù)*的工作人員參與工會(huì)人員的人數(shù)超過了私人企業(yè)。 在英國，有一半公務(wù)員參加了工會(huì)，而私企只有15%參加。 公共服務(wù)*的工會(huì)興起有三個(gè)原因。
? ? ? ?一、他們能把壞事情扼殺在萌芽中，沒有后遺癥。
? ? ? ?二、他們有教養(yǎng)聰明。 有25%的公務(wù)員有*學(xué)歷。
? ? ? ?三、他們現(xiàn)在控制著左傾政策。 這些政策 歷史悠遠(yuǎn)。 英國工黨，正如他的名字所暗示的，和工會(huì)有長(zhǎng)期聯(lián)系。 工黨現(xiàn)在的***是米利班德就把自己黨魁的席位歸功于公務(wù)員工會(huì)。 工會(huì)的影響力在各州影響力更恐怖。 加州公共政策研究中心的馬克·巴爾達(dá)薩雷指出： 該州預(yù)算很大程度由工會(huì)巡查審定。 教師工會(huì)則學(xué)校，CCPOA，其它各種工會(huì)團(tuán)隊(duì)健康醫(yī)療。 在很多發(fā)達(dá)*，州級(jí)公務(wù)員的平均工資要高于私企。 但真正的收入來自于各項(xiàng)利益和工作實(shí)踐。 政治 家不斷調(diào)整公務(wù)員的薪水，保持工資上漲不快，但實(shí)際上增加了假期，尤其是本就很高的養(yǎng)老金。 改革受到強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)，尤其驚人的是教育改革。 特許學(xué)校，學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)和績(jī)效獎(jiǎng)都要面對(duì)長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)役。
